Why do some kids grow up to become cold-blooded killers? Is bad biology partly to blame? For more than three decades, criminologist Adrian Raine has been researching the biological roots of violence, in the process establishing neurocriminology—applying neuroscience techniques to investigate the causes and cures of crime—as a scientific field. Through case studies of well-known killers in history, including Richard Speck, Ted Kaczynski, and Henry Lee Lucas, Raine illustrates how impairments to the brain—in areas controlling the ability to experience fear, make good decisions, and feel guilt—can predispose an individual to violence.