Between 1918 and 1921, over 100,000 Jews were murdered in Ukraine by peasants, townsmen, and soldiers who blamed the Jews for the turmoil of the Russian Revolution. Drawing upon long-neglected archival materials, Jeffrey Veidlinger tells the stories of survivors, perpetrators, aid workers, and governmental officials, he explains why so many different groups of people came to the conclusion that killing Jews was an acceptable response to their various problems. Repositioning these forgotten pogroms as a defining moment of the century, Veidlinger explores how this idea would pave the way for the Holocaust.