Even as avant-garde movements promoted abstraction in the visual arts, often dispensing with the human form altogether, many artists of Jewish descent resisted this trend and continued to depict the human figure with sympathy and understanding. Few of them made use of overtly Jewish themes, but as Eliane Strosberg argues here, their persistent devotion to portraiture was itself a reflection of their Jewishness. The text and color illustrations included here highlight the works of Amadeo Modigliani, Chaim Soutine, Camille Pissarro, Marc Chagall, Ben Shahn, R.B. Kitaj, and Lucian Freud.