Modernity took many forms in 1930s Japan, as artists—inundated with foreign jazz-age trends and new technologies—cautiously departed from centuries of tradition. For those of us weaned on Western modern art, these 160 color illustrations of paintings, textiles, and graphic arts are a revelation. Among the more surprising images are kimonos with patterns of tanks, paintings of Japanese women with bobbed hair in western dress, and expressionistic posters advocating workers' solidarity. The author of the Pulitzer Prize winner Embracing Defeat, John Dower traces how militarism and nationalism influenced these works, while other contributors explore the depiction of girls and the effect of modernism on clothing.